Notater:

January 30, 1882 - April 12, 1945), often referred to by the initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A member of the Democratic Party, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. As a dominant leader of his party, he built the New Deal Coalition, which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century. His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II, which ended shortly after he died in office. He is rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents, along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but has also been subject to substantial criticism.

Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York to a Dutch American family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States, and William Henry Aspinwall. FDR attended Groton School, Harvard College, and Columbia Law School, and went on to practice law in New York City. In 1905, he married his fifth cousin once removed, Eleanor Roosevelt. They had six children, of whom five survived into adulthood. He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910, and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's 1920 national ticket, but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness, believed at the time to be polio, and his legs became permanently paralyzed. While attempting to recover from his condition, Roosevelt founded the treatment center in Warm Springs, Georgia, for people with poliomyelitis. In spite of being unable to walk unaided, Roosevelt returned to public office by winning election as Governor of New York in 1928. He was in office from 1929 to 1933 and served as a reform Governor, promoting programs to combat the economic crisis besetting the United States at the time.

In the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated Republican President Herbert Hoover in a landslide. Roosevelt took office in the midst of the Great Depression, the worst economic crisis in United States History. During the first 100 days of the 73rd United States Congress, Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal-a variety of programs designed to produce relief, recovery, and reform. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the National Recovery Administration and other programs. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor, and presided over the end of Prohibition. He harnessed radio to speak directly to the American people, giving 30 "fireside chat" radio addresses during his presidency and becoming the first American president to be televised. The economy having improved rapidly from 1933 to 1936, Roosevelt won a landslide reelection in 1936. However, the economy then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 and 1938. After the 1936 election, Roosevelt sought passage of the Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 (the "court packing plan"), which would have expanded the size of the Supreme Court of the United States. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented passage of the bill and blocked the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. Major surviving programs and legislation implemented under Roosevelt include the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Labor Relations Act, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Social Security, and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which, among other things, prohibited child labor and created the right to a minimum wage.

The United States reelected FDR in 1940 for his third term, making him the only U.S. President to serve for more than two terms. With World War II looming after 1938, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China, the United Kingdom and eventually the Soviet Union while the U.S. remained officially neutral. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, an event he famously called "a date which will live in infamy", Roosevelt obtained a congressional declaration of war on Japan, and, a few days later, on Germany and Italy. Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins and with very strong national support, he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allied Powers against the Axis Powers. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort, and implemented a Europe first strategy, making the defeat of Germany a priority over that of Japan. He also initiated the development of the world's first atomic bomb, and worked with the other Allied leaders to lay the groundwork for the United Nations and other post-war institutions. Roosevelt won reelection in 1944, but with his physical health declining during the war years, he died in April 1945, just 11 weeks into his fourth term. The Axis Powers surrendered to the Allies in the months following Roosevelt's death, during the presidency of his successor, Harry S. Truman.

Franklin blev gift med First Lady Anna Eleanor Roosevelt den 17 mar. 1905 i New York, USA. Anna (datter af Elliott Roosevelt og Anna Rebecca Hall) blev født den 11 okt. 1884 i New York, New York, USA; døde den 7 nov. 1962 i New York, New York, USA; blev begravet den 11 nov. 1962 i Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Notater:

October 11, 1884 - November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat and activist.[5] She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933, to April 12, 1945, during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office, making her the longest-serving First Lady of the United States.[5] Roosevelt served as United States Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1945 to 1952.[6][7]

President Harry S. Truman later called her the "First Lady of the World" in tribute to her human rights achievements.[8]

Roosevelt was a member of the prominent American Roosevelt and Livingston families and a niece of President Theodore Roosevelt.[7] She had an unhappy childhood, having suffered the deaths of both parents and one of her brothers at a young age. At 15, she attended Allenwood Academy in London and was deeply influenced by its headmistress Marie Souvestre. Returning to the U.S., she married her fifth cousin once removed, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in 1905. The Roosevelts' marriage was complicated from the beginning by Franklin's controlling mother, Sara, and after Eleanor discovered her husband's affair with Lucy Mercer in 1918, she resolved to seek fulfillment in leading a public life of her own. She persuaded Franklin to stay in politics after he was stricken with a paralytic illness in 1921, which cost him the normal use of his legs, and began giving speeches and appearing at campaign events in his place. Following Franklin's election as Governor of New York in 1928, and throughout the remainder of Franklin's public career in government, Roosevelt regularly made public appearances on his behalf, and as First Lady, while her husband served as President, she significantly reshaped and redefined the role of First Lady.

Though widely respected in her later years, Roosevelt was a controversial First Lady at the time for her outspokenness, particularly on civil rights for African-Americans. She was the first presidential spouse to hold regular press conferences, write a daily newspaper column, write a monthly magazine column, host a weekly radio show, and speak at a national party convention. On a few occasions, she publicly disagreed with her husband's policies.

She launched an experimental community at Arthurdale, West Virginia, for the families of unemployed miners, later widely regarded as a failure. She advocated for expanded roles for women in the workplace, the civil rights of African Americans and Asian Americans, and the rights of World War II refugees. Following her husband's death in 1945, Roosevelt remained active in politics for the remaining 17 years of her life. She pressed the United States to join and support the United Nations and became its first delegate. She served as the first chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights and oversaw the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Later, she chaired the John F. Kennedy administration's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women. By the time of her death, Roosevelt was regarded as "one of the most esteemed women in the world"; The New York Times called her "the object of almost universal respect" in an obituary.[9]

In 1999, she was ranked ninth in the top ten of Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century.[10]

James blev gift med Sarah Delano den 7 okt. 1880 i Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA. Sarah (datter af Warren Delano, Jr. og Catherine Robbins Lyman) blev født den 21 sep. 1854 i Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA; døde den 7 sep. 1941 i Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA; blev begravet i Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Bopæl: 1880, Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA

Elliott blev gift med Anna Rebecca Hall i okt. 1883 i New York, New York, USA. Anna blev født den 17 mar. 1863 i Hempstead, Nassau, New York, USA; døde den 7 dec. 1892; blev begravet i Saint Paul's Episcopal Church Cemetery, Tivoli, Dutchess, New York, USA. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Isaac blev gift med Mary Rebecca Aspinwall den 26 apr. 1827 i New York, New York, New York, USA. Mary (datter af John Aspinwall, Jr og Susan Howland) blev født den 20 dec. 1809 i New York, New York, USA; døde den 24 feb. 1886 i New York, New York, USA. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Bopæl: 1850, Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1850, Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1860, Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1860, Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1870, Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1870, Hyde Park, Dutchess, New York, USA

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Bopæl: 1850, Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1860, Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1870, Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA
• Bopæl: 1880, Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA

Warren blev gift med Catherine Robbins Lyman den 13 okt. 1843 i Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA. Catherine (datter af Judge Joseph Lyman, 3rd og Anne Jean Robbins) blev født den 12 jan. 1825 i Northampton, Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA; døde den 10 feb. 1896 i Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Bopæl: 1880, Newburgh, Orange, New York, USA